Arequipa

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For the cactus genus, see Oreocereus. {{Infobox City|official_name = Arequipa|other_name =|native_name = |nickname = La Ciudad Blanca (The White City)|image_skyline = Arequipa-plaza-armas-c01.jpg|imagesize = 250px|image_caption = Panorama: Plaza de Armas|image_flag = Bandera_Arequipa.jpg|flag_size =|seal_size = 100px|image_shield =|shield_size =|image_blank_emblem =|blank_emblem_size =|image_map = Location of the city of Arequipa in Peru.png|mapsize = 200px|map_caption = Location of the city of Arequipa in Peru|pushpin_map =|pushpin_label_position =|subdivision_type = Country|subdivision_name = Peru|subdivision_name1 = [Arequipa Region|subdivision_type2 = Provinces of Peru|subdivision_name2 = Arequipa Province|subdivision_type3 =|subdivision_name3 =|subdivision_type4 =|subdivision_name4 =|government_type =|leader_title = Mayor|leader_name = Simón Balbuena Marroquín|leader_title1 = |leader_name1 =|leader_title2 =|leader_name2 =|leader_title3 =|leader_name3 =|leader_title4 =|leader_name4 =|established_title = Established|established_date = 15 August 1540| Year = 2000| Session = 24th| Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1016-->

Arequipa is a large city in southern [Peru and the nation's second most important city. It is also the capital of the Arequipa Province, and is 633.8 miles from Lima. The city lies in the highlands at the foot of the snow-capped volcano El Misti. El Misti is currently inactive, but erupted strongly between 1438 and 1471. Several smaller eruptions have occurred since then, most recently in 1870. Arequipa has over 80 volcanoes which can be found in the Valley of Volcanoes.Arequipa has many fine Spanish colonization of the Americas buildings built of sillar, a pearly white volcanic rock used extensively in the city, and from which it gets its nickname La Ciudad Blanca ("the white city"). The historic center of the city was named a UNESCO world heritage site in 2000, in recognition of its architecture and historic integrity. The city is located at an altitude of 2,380 meters (7740 feet) above sea level. El Misti is located between two smaller volcanoes - Chachani "the Beloved" and Picchu Picchu "Top Top" - both named in the Quechua language of the ancient Inca Empire.

Name It is often said that the city's name comes from the Quechua phrase "Ari, quepay." which means "Yes, here" which is said to have been the response of the Fourth Inca - Mayta Capac - upon seeing the site of the great city, which was later destroyed in an earthquake, but reestablished by the Spanish in 1540.Nowadays it is assumed that the name is from Aymara language "ari" (peak) + "kipa" (locative) and means something like "near the mountain" in reference to nearby El Misti Volcano (towering 5822 meters high above sea level). According to another legend this name means "sounding trumpet".

History Archaeological findings indicate the fertile valley in which Arequipa is situated has been occupied back to 5000 – 6000 Common Era. In the 15th century, the region, then occupied by Aymara Indians, was conquered by the Inca and served as an important supplier of agrarian products to the Inca Empire. The modern city of Arequipa was founded on 15 August, 1540, by Garcí Manuel de Carbajal, an emissary of Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro. One year later, King Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor of Spain gave it the rank of 'city' and the coat of arms that it still bears. Spanish influence left many relics and colonial architecture, which reminds the visitor of the city's colonial past, when it was the city with the highest proportion of Spanish population in Viceroyalty of Peru. This led Arequipa to develop a large mestizo population as its demographics changed and grew over the centuries. Since the late 1940's, however, there has been a huge and increasing immigration from the Peruvian sierra, thus changing the demographic and cultural character of the city.

Throughout history Arequipa remained relatively isolated during colonial and early republican times, but that changed in 1870 when a Southern railroad to the coastal port of Mollendo, Peru was inaugurated, opening trade via the Pacific Ocean. The building and expansion of more roads in the 1930s also led to a direct connection with the Pan-American Highway, strengthening Arequipa's links to the rest of the Americas. Since then, the city has remained the center of commerce between Lima and all of southern Peru.

Arequipa served as a bastion of nationalism during Peru's struggle for independence from Spain in the early 19th century. Later, it served as a rallying point during the War of the Pacific (1879 – 1883) with Chile.

The city has two principal universities — the Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, the local state university (founded 1828), and the Universidad Católica de Santa María (founded in 1961), a private institution.

One of Peru's largest stadiums, Estadio de la UNSA, is also located in Arequipa and hosted some of the Copa América 2004 soccer games, attracting many tourists as well as locals.

Founded as a colonial city, Arequipa is influenced by both Andalusian and Spanish colonial ideas and architecture. Popular and touristic sites include the 16th century Santa Catalina Monastery, the Goyeneche Palace, Casa del Moral, and the district of Yanahuara, a point of confluence for visitors seeking a view point of the urban geography of the city. Arequipa has many valuable archaeological and tourist resources including the Colca Canyon, one of the deepest in the world and an ideal spot for observing the magnificent Andean Condor.

Arequipa is served by the Rodriguez Ballon International Airport.

The city is located at the foothill of three mountains.

Arequipa is dry and sunny all year long.

World Heritage Site seen from Rodriguez Ballon International Airport. The peak is almost bare.In December 2000, UNESCO declared the historical center of Arequipa a World Heritage Site, stating the following:"The historical center of Arequipa is an example of ornamented architecture, represents a masterpiece of the creative coalition of European and native characteristics. A colonial town challenged by the conditions of nature, the indigenous influences, the conquest process and evangelism as well as for a spectacular natural scenario."

Recent Events Arequipa has experienced many earthquakes. It was almost destroyed by one in 1868, and on June 23, 2001, Arequipa was badly damaged by an earthquake of 7.9 on the Richter scale.In June 2002, Arequipa was completely paralyzed for a week by strikes and riots in protest of the privatization of two regional electricity-generating plants.

Sister Cities

Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
Vancouver, Washington United States
Charlotte, North Carolina United States, since 1962
Guangzhou, China

Notable people from Arequipa

José Bustamante y Rivero, President of Peru (1945-1948)
Mario Vargas Llosa, Renowned writer
Víctor Andrés Belaúnde, Lawyer, chaired two sessions of UN General Assembly
Eduardo López de Romaña, President of Peru (1899-1903)
Nicolás de Piérola, President of Peru (1879-1881) and from (1895-1899)
Ana de los Angeles Monteagudo, famous cloistered nun.
Hernando de Soto (economist), Renowned international economist
Mariano Felipe Paz Soldan, Peruvian historian and geographer
Mariano Melgar, Poet, Independence fighter
Francisco García Calderón, President of Peru (1881)
Pedro Diez Canseco, Two time President of Perú. He was previously Vice President both times
Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro, Peruvian Priest and Politician; President of Peru during two brief occasions
Julio Granda, Chess Grand Master
Pedro Paulet, Scientist, Peruvian engineer and statesman, The inventor of the liquid fuel motor (1895) and the first modern rocket propulsion system (1900)
Alberto Vargas, Painter, Noted for his famous Vargas Girls Collection
Alex Olmedo, Tennis Player, Ranked #1 in the world in 1959
Honorio Delgado, renowned Psychiatrist
Ignacio Alvarez Thomas, Soldier who fought in the independence war in Argentina. Supreme Director of the Argentine Federation from 1815-1816.
Madeleine Hartog Bell, Miss World titleholder in 1967.
Jorge Vinatea Reinoso, Painter.
Julio Malaga Grenet, Famous caricaturist.